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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 78(1/2): e29-e24, ene.-feb. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202308

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Turner es un trastorno genético que se caracteriza por la monosomía total o parcial del cromosoma X. La talla baja puede ser la única manifestación de este síndrome, siendo actualmente una de las indicaciones de tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido realizar un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con síndrome de Turner tratadas con hormona de crecimiento, con la finalidad de determinar qué variables se relacionan con una buena respuesta al tratamiento. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Se incluyen 48 pacientes afectas de síndrome de Turner que recibieron tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento en la infancia y que han alcanzado talla final. Se realizó una regresión lineal múltiple para correlacionar qué variables independientes se correlacionan con la variable de resultado principal. RESULTADOS: Se observó una ganancia de talla de 0,56 ± 0,86 DS, siendo la talla final alcanzada de 149,2 ± 6,47 cm (-2,43 ± 1,14 DE). La mayor ganancia de talla se produjo durante el primer año de tratamiento. Los factores asociados, de manera estadísticamente significativa, con una mejor respuesta al tratamiento fueron la edad al inicio del mismo y la edad ósea al inicio del tratamiento estrogénico. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestro trabajo refleja una ganancia media de talla de 0,5 DE en mujeres con síndrome de Turner tratadas con hormona de crecimiento. Los factores implicados en una mayor ganancia de talla en nuestra serie son la edad de inicio del tratamiento con rhGH y la edad ósea al inicio del tratamiento con estrógenos


INTRODUCTION: Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the total or partial monosomy of the X chromosome. Short stature may be the only manifestation of this syndrome, being currently one of the initiations of growth hormone treatment. The objective of this work has been carried out in a retrospective study of patients with Turner syndrome treated with growth hormone, with the determination to determine which variables are related to a good response to treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. It includes 48 patients affected by Turner syndrome who received treatment with childhood growth hormone and who have obtained final size. A multiple linear regression was performed to correlate which independent variables correlate with the main outcome variable. RESULTS: A size gain of 0.56 ± 0.86 SD was obtained, the final size being reached of 149.2 ± 6.47 cm (-2.43 ± 1.14 DS). The greatest height gain occurred during the first year of treatment. The associated factors, in a statistically significant way, with a better response to the treatment were the age at the beginning of the treatment and the bone age at the beginning of the estrogenic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our work reflects an average height gain of 0.5 SD in women with Turner syndrome treated with growth hormone. The factors involved in a greater height gain in our series are the age of onset of rhGH treatment and the age at the beginning of estrogen treatment


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Turner/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto , Estatura
2.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 73(9): 214-217, oct. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-145738

RESUMO

El síndrome de dumping (SD) es un conjunto de síntomas gastrointestinales y vasomotores que se produce como consecuencia de la cirugía gástrica. En pediatría se ha descrito fundamentalmente tras la cirugía antirreflujo. El diagnóstico es clínico, pero la sobrecarga oral de glucosa puede ser de utilidad si existen dudas. Se presentan los casos de 8 pacientes afectados de SD, 6 varones y 2 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre 13 meses y 9 años en el momento del diagnóstico. Cuatro pacientes tenían como enfermedad de base una atresia de esófago intervenida, 2 un reflujo gastroesofágico, 1 una hernia diafragmática congénita y 1 un tumor gástrico. Todos fueron sometidos previamente a algún tipo de cirugía gástrica. En 7 de ellos se realizó una funduplicatura, y en 4 una piloroplastia. Todos los pacientes tenían clínica de SD temprano, y 6 asociaban clínica de SD tardío. En todos ellos se realizó una sobrecarga oral de glucosa, que confirmó el diagnóstico. El tratamiento dietético fue efectivo en 7 pacientes, y 1 paciente precisó además tratamiento con acarbosa. El tratamiento dietético es efectivo en la mayoría de los pacientes con SD (AU)


Dumping syndrome (DS) is a condition where gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms happen as a consequence of gastric surgery. In pediatrics it has been described primarily after anti-reflux surgery. The diagnosis is clinical, but the oral glucose tolerance test can be useful if there are doubts. We present the cases of 8 patients with DS, 6 men and 2 women, aged between 13 months and 9 years old. Four patients had atresia of esophagus, 2 gastroesophageal reflux disease, 1 patient a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and 1 a gastric tumor. All were treated with gastric surgery. In 7 of them fundoplication was performed, and in 4 piloroplastia. All patients had early dumping, and 6 had late dumping. In all patients oral glucose tolerance test confirmed the diagnosis. Dietary treatment was effective in 7 patients; 1 patient also required treatment with acarbose. Dietary treatment is effective in most patients with DS (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Estômago/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Fundoplicatura/efeitos adversos , Glucose/uso terapêutico , Edulcorantes/uso terapêutico , Dietoterapia
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 76(6): 336-342, jun. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101487

RESUMO

Introducción: A pesar de la baja prevalencia infantil de infección por virus hepatitis C (VHC) y su leve clínica inicial, la infección crónica puede evolucionar a cirrosis y/o hepatocarcinoma. Es fundamental controlar su transmisión vertical. Los últimos estudios describen hasta 50% de transmisiones intraútero. Material y métodos: Estudiamos retrospectivamente 17 casos de infección por VHC en 8 años, analizando los factores de riesgo de transmisión vertical, para aplicar prevención primaria. Resultados: Solo la adicción a drogas vía parenteral muestra riesgo significativo, sin ser la coinfección VIH factor de confusión. La carga viral, la coinfección por VIH, la disfunción hepática y el tiempo de evolución de infección no muestran mayor riesgo. La cesárea, la amniocentesis y la monitorización interna pueden ser factores de riesgo (sin significación estadística), pero no las horas de amniorrexis. La lactancia materna muestra protección. Conclusiones: Pese a la importancia frecuentemente atribuida, el efecto de la carga viral sobre el riesgo de transmisión no está claramente establecido: la ausencia de viremia no descarta el riesgo de transmisión, ya que la detección de ARN viral puede ser intermitente, y por tanto, los datos al respecto deben interpretarse con cautela. La inmunosupresión secundaria a la coinfección por VIH supone mayor riesgo de transmisión, pero dicho efecto disminuye al mejorar la capacidad inmune gracias al tratamiento antirretroviral. Respecto a las características del parto, el tiempo transcurrido tras la rotura de membranas no ha mostrado ser factor de riesgo; y se desestima la cesárea como forma óptima y electiva de finalizar la gestación de estas mujeres. La lactancia materna, lejos de suponer mayor riesgo de transmisión, puede ser protectora. La escasa carga viral en la leche, su inactivación por el pH ácido gástrico y sus beneficios inmunológicos justificarían este resultado. Dadas las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivos, es necesario plantear análisis prospectivos para conocer mejor el papel de los posibles factores de riesgo y establecer pautas claras de prevención; de momento, es fundamental el control evolutivo de todos los hijos de madres con infección por el VHC (AU)


Introduction: Despite the low prevalence of paediatric HCV infection and its initial mild clinical expressiveness, chronic infection could progress into cirrhosis and/or hepatocarcinoma. It is essential to control vertical transmission. Recent studies show that up to 50% of transmissions occur within the uterus. Material y methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 17 cases of (Hepatitis C virus) HCV infection registered over a period of 8 years. Vertical transmission risk factors were analysed, in order to introduce primary prevention. Results: Only parenteral drug addiction significantly increased the rate of HCV transmission; HIV co-infection was not a confounding factor. HCV viremia, HIV co-infection, liver dysfunction and/or duration of the infection did not appear to affect the rate of transmission. Caesarean section, amniocentesis and internal monitoring may be risk factors (not statistically significant), but not prolonged vaginal delivery after amniotic membrane rupture. Breastfeeding showed protection. Conclusions: The effect of viremia on the risk of transmission is not clearly established, despite the importance usually attributed. Lack of viremia does not discount the risk of transmission, due to viral RNA detection can be intermittent, so it should be interpreted cautiously. Immunosuppression secondary to HIV co-infection implies a higher risk of transmission, but this effect decreases by improving immune competence by antiretroviral treatment. With regard to the birth characteristics, time after the rupture of membranes has not shown being a risk factor; being the caesarean not advisable as a good alternative to finish the pregnancy. Breastfeeding does not increase the risk, even it can be protective. This results would be justified by the low viral content of milk, its inactivation by gastric pH and its immunological benefits. Given that retrospective studies results are limited, prospective studies need to be carried out in order to improve the understanding of the role of possible risk factors and to provide a clear preventive guidelines. At the moment it is essential to control all the children born of mothers with HCV infection (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicações , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV , Carga Viral
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 76(6): 336-42, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22265375

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Despite the low prevalence of paediatric HCV infection and its initial mild clinical expressiveness, chronic infection could progress into cirrhosis and/or hepatocarcinoma. It is essential to control vertical transmission. Recent studies show that up to 50% of transmissions occur within the uterus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: [corrected] A retrospective study was conducted on 17 cases of (Hepatitis C virus) HCV infection registered over a period of 8 years. Vertical transmission risk factors were analysed, in order to introduce primary prevention. RESULTS: Only parenteral drug addiction significantly increased the rate of HCV transmission; HIV co-infection was not a confounding factor. HCV viremia, HIV co-infection, liver dysfunction and/or duration of the infection did not appear to affect the rate of transmission. Caesarean section, amniocentesis and internal monitoring may be risk factors (not statistically significant), but not prolonged vaginal delivery after amniotic membrane rupture. Breastfeeding showed protection. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of viremia on the risk of transmission is not clearly established, despite the importance usually attributed. Lack of viremia does not discount the risk of transmission, due to viral RNA detection can be intermittent, so it should be interpreted cautiously. Immunosuppression secondary to HIV co-infection implies a higher risk of transmission, but this effect decreases by improving immune competence by antiretroviral treatment. With regard to the birth characteristics, time after the rupture of membranes has not shown being a risk factor; being the caesarean not advisable as a good alternative to finish the pregnancy. Breastfeeding does not increase the risk, even it can be protective. This results would be justified by the low viral content of milk, its inactivation by gastric pH and its immunological benefits. Given that retrospective studies results are limited, prospective studies need to be carried out in order to improve the understanding of the role of possible risk factors and to provide a clear preventive guidelines. At the moment it is essential to control all the children born of mothers with HCV infection.


Assuntos
Hepatite C/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
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